Recently, scientific articles can be found in the that mention the role of sensory sensitivity in eating disorders ( 7). It is likely to be multifactorial, which is another reason why clinical assessment is difficult, contributing to the fact that pica is often underdiagnosed ( 2) Recently, scientific articles examining the etiology of eating disorders and aiming to improve their diagnosis have described the role of sensory sensitivity in eating disorders ( 7). The etiology of pica itself is still not well understood. It is also common in pregnant women a meta-analysis of approximately 70 studies found that the overall prevalence of pica during pregnancy and postpartum is close to 30% ( 2). Pica is more common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression ( 2, 5). The prevalence of pica is currently unknown, and varies between studies due to different diagnostic criteria, study methodology, and the fact that it is often underdiagnosed ( 2). Pica is considered a health or life-threatening disorder, and various studies emphasize that if pica is suspected during a clinical examination of a patient, it is important for healthcare professionals to determine this early so that they are able to remove ingested substances quickly in order to avoid serious life-threatening complications ( 2, 5, 6). Pertinently, the urge to eat non-edible substances is not specific to a certain period of development, when it is common to do so until approximately 18–24 months and it is necessary that this behavior lasts for at least one month ( 2, 4). Pica disorder is characterized by a persistent, compulsive urge to eat substances that are normally considered inedible, and importantly, that urge is not related to the individual's sociocultural customs and traditions ( 2). In the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which will be in use soon, pica is left with only one code for the disorder and no longer distinguishes between pica in adults and children, although the diagnostic criteria remain the same ( 3). Currently, the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-AM) distinguishes pica disorder as separate diagnoses with two codes: one of them belongs to other behavioral and emotional disorders that usually begin in childhood and adolescence (Code: F98.3 Pica in infancy and childhood), and the other is classified under other eating disorders and is for adults (Code: F50.8 Other eating disorders, pica in adults). Pica is an eating disorder that is often associated with iron deficiency ( 2). One in eight young people have a likelihood of being diagnosed with at least one eating disorder by the age of 20, and although anyone regardless of age or gender can have these disorders, they are more commonly diagnosed in teenagers and young women ( 1). It is important for specialists to combine clinical data on the characteristics of a child's development, including sensory, eating, and emotional health aspects. Furthermore, children who had increased sensory sensitivity traits were significantly more picky about food and had more internalizing difficulties. Children with increased sensory sensitivity traits in response to sounds ( p = 0.008), visual stimuli ( p 0.05).Ĭonclusions: Children with increased sensory sensitivity traits were more likely to eat inedible substances than those without. Results: Approximately, 3.7% of participants indicated that their child ate non-nutritious, non-food substances. The final sample consisted of 614 participants who had completed the questionnaire. Of those 655, 41 study participants who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded. Furthermore, a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was also completed. Methodology: Parents/guardians of children aged 3–6 years were asked to complete an anonymous online questionnaire containing demographic data, questions regarding the peculiarities of children's eating, sensory sensitivity. Recently, additional attention has been given to the role of sensory sensitivity in eating disorders.Īim of the study: To examine the prevalence of pica in preschool children and explore the associations with increased sensory sensitivity traits and rates of internalizing and externalizing difficulties. It can occur at any age however, a higher prevalence is observed among children with mental health issues and pregnant women. 2Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuaniaīackground: Pica is an eating disorder in which a person feels the urge to eat non-nutritious, non-food substances.1Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Sigita Lesinskienė 1* Greta Stonkutė 2 Rokas Šambaras 1
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